Editing Gene Mutations (section)

== Footnotes ==

<references>

<ref name="gap-junction">Gap junctions are peer-to-peer connections between cells that allow them to transfer stuff directly between: ions, proteins, all that stuff</ref>

<ref name="dna-basics">DNA subsequences can 'code for' proteins, i.e. they are the instruction sequence to make a protein. This process is roughly:

# DNA is transcribed to RNA using an enzyme called RNA polymerase, i.e. an instance of RNA is created from the DNA acting as a template
# This RNA is then similarly read as a template by ribosomes in groups of three nucleotides (the A,G,C,T) to produce an amino acid chain (a protein)
# When the ribosomes hit an end-marker triplet (called a stop codon), they release the protein
# The ribosomes go around and repeat this process
# The cell then releases RNA nucleases when sufficient proteins are made and destroys the RNA</ref>

<ref name="rna-qc">Protein synthesis is subject to a lot of quality control: 
# We make a little more than we need. 
# The cell tests its protein and amino acid levels and then shuts off or increases production. 
# There are QC devices in the cell. e.g. Proteins that scan forward on the RNA and look for "continue" markers that follow "stop" markers.
</ref>

<ref name="aav">Adeno-associated viruses are lame viruses. They need an adenovirus in order to replicate. These viruses  insert their DNA into host-cells but do not integrate with the host DNA. They kind of just sit around for when the protein synthesis machinery activates. When that happens, the enzymes just react with this DNA as well as the host DNA and everything goes along normally.
</ref>

<ref name="homologous-recombination>
This fix is called [[wikipedia:Homologous recombination|homologous recombination]] and it's a fundamental part of how organisms produce sexual variation.
</ref>

<ref name="otof-split">
The reason why OTOF treatment is split is that the gene is too big for these little AAVs. It's half-again as large as them, so it has to be split into pieces to be carried by them. Fortunately, there's that repair process.
</ref>

</references>

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